부이(Buoy)

About the Buoy Technology

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cellular Antenna

 

The antenna enables the buoy to transmit data to the shoreside computer via broadband data communications.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anemometer

 

This instrument measures wind speed, wind gust, and wind direction. Standard CBIBS instrument is an R. M. Young 5103. Wind speed is measured by the propeller, and direction is measured by the orientation of the instrument, which is aligned by the vane opposite the propeller. Orientation is measured in degrees relative to the buoy, so the buoy's own magnetic orientation is measured using a fluxgate compass.

 

 

 

 

Temperature/Humidity Sensor

 

This instrument measures air temperature and relative humidity. Standard CBIBS sensor is a Rotronics MP101A. The sensor is protected from direct sunlight by a radiation shield, which also enhances wind flow around the sensor.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GPS Receiver/Satellite Transmitter

 

The buoy's position is reported via a GPSantenna/receiver system. The GPS is part of an INMARSAT-D transponder system mounted on the buoy. If the cellular communications should fail, or the buoy were to go adrift and out of cellular range, the INMARSAT satellite communications system could be activated to get continuous basic information on buoy position and health.

 

 

 

 

 

Navigation Light

 

The navigation light is an amber LED light that flashes once every four seconds. Lights have independent battery and solar charging systems from the buoy. The light makes the buoy more visible for nighttime boaters, and is shown on the charts as "Fl 4 sec Y." There is also a radar reflector mounted inside the upper section of the buoy. This is necessary because the buoys are mostly made of plastic, which is a poor reflector of radar waves.

 

 

 

 

Solar Panels

 

The solar panels provide power for the buoy's sensor and transmission capabilities. There are four solar panels on each buoy; each panel can generate 20 watts of power to keep the buoy's batteries charged.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Computer and Communications

 

Inside the upper section of the buoy, in waterproof housings, are the electronic components. A power regulator maintains the batteries charging by the solar panels; a computer(AXYS Watchman 500) collects data from the sensors and formats messages for transmission; and a CDMA modem active on the Verizon Wireless network transmits data over the internet to the main CBIBS computer. Also within this enclosure are the buoy's barometric pressure sensor and an electronic fluxgate compass to determine buoy orientation.

 

 

 

Cables to Acoustic Current Profiler

 

 

Cables connecting instruments mounted in the buoy's 10-inch diameter through-hull instrument wells are protected by heavy rubber hose.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Wave Measurement System

 

The buoy uses an AXYS TriAXYS directional wave sensor to measure waves. The sensor has precision accelerometers, angular rate sensors, and a compass, sampled four times per second. The waves that affect the buoy are estimated by analyzing buoy motion for a 20-minute period every hour. The buoy reports numerous parameters including mean wave height, significant wave height, and maximum wave height, as well as several measures of wave direction and wave period.

 

 

 

Batteries

 

Inside the hull is a sealed steel battery case, housing four 100 A-h 12 volt batteries that run the buoy systems.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acoustic Current Profiler 

 

The profiler provides current speed and current direction at one-meter levels from the surface to the bottom. The current as reported on the CBIBS website and database is an average of the upper 5 meters. The CBIBS standard instrument is a NORTEK AquaDopp. It measures currents by analyzing acoustic(1 mHz frequency) reflections from the moving water below the instrument over a five-minute period once per hour.

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

Water Quality Monitor

 

The "WQM," which includes multiple integrated sensors, measures pressure (depth), water temperature, and conductivity (from which salinity is calculated); dissolved oxygen concentration; and turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentration using optical sensors. The standard CBIBS instrument is a WETLabs WQM mounted in the buoy well approximately 0.5 meters below the surface.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AXYS Technologies Watchkeeper Buoy

 

The is the yellow buoy itself. Each AXYS Watchkeeper buoy is 14 feet tall - roughly 10 feet about the waterline. They are based on a modified Tideland Signal P138 buoy hull. The 138 means that when the buoy is floating on its design waterline, located at the wide (1.75 m diameter) part of the hull, it takes 138 lbs to displace it one more inch. Buoys weigh around 1,300 pounds and made out of 1/2" thick rotomolded polyethylen - a durable plastic. The lower section of the buoy hull is filled with cement, the rest of the hull with closed cell foam and a sealed battery case.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Buoy Mooring

 

Each CBIBS buoy is moored to the Bay bottom by way of a two-point chain bridle and 1" mooring chain connected to a 2,500 lb. steel anchor. The anchor is actually three repurposed railroad wheels. The chain length is approximately 2.5 times the water depth at the buoy's location.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[출처 : http://buoybay.noaa.gov/about/about-the-buoy-technology.html   http://buoybay.noaa.gov/]